Currency & denominations
The euro (EUR) has 100 cents, with notes of €5, €10, €20, €50, €100, €200 and €500 (large notes are rarely used and often refused). Coins range from 1 cent to €2. Many small shops dislike breaking €50 notes, so keep smaller denominations for everyday purchases.
Cash vs card
Cards are accepted in most hotels, restaurants and shops, and merchants are legally required to accept card payment, but in practice small bars, cafes, markets and family-run spots may prefer or expect cash. Coffee at the counter, gelato and small purchases often go more smoothly with cash. Keep small notes and coins handy, especially in smaller towns and the south.
Where to get the best exchange rates
Independent exchange offices in city centers can offer fair rates, but watch closely for commission and 'no commission' booths that hide costs in a poor rate. Banks often don't change money for non-customers. For most visitors, an ATM withdrawal or card payment is the simplest, best-value option.
Avoid the airport exchange trap
Airport exchange counters in Rome, Milan and elsewhere offer some of the worst rates available. Change only enough for immediate transport, then use a bank ATM in town. Since cards are widely accepted, you can often avoid exchanging cash altogether.
Using ATMs
ATMs (bancomat) are common; those at real banks are generally cheaper and safer than standalone machines in tourist zones. Always decline the dynamic currency conversion offer and choose euros to avoid a marked-up rate. Be aware some standalone 'Euronet'-style machines push poor conversion and higher fees.
Tipping culture
Tipping is modest and not obligatory; Italians tip little. Many restaurants charge a 'coperto' (cover charge per person) and sometimes a service charge, which already covers service. Rounding up or leaving a euro or two for good service is appreciated but never expected.
Common money pitfalls & scams
Expect the 'coperto' cover charge and note that sitting down often costs more than standing at the bar for the same coffee. In tourist areas, watch for inflated, unpriced 'tourist menu' bills, bracelet and petition distraction scams, and DCC at terminals. Always check the menu prices and your bill before paying.
How much cash should you bring
Bring a bit more cash than you would in northern Europe, since smaller venues and the south lean on cash. Carry enough for daily coffees, markets and small eateries, and use cards for hotels and bigger bills. Refill from a bank ATM as you go rather than exchanging large amounts at once.